Tribblix: manual page: rrdgraph

RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1) rrdtool RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1)

NAME

rrdgraph_examples - Examples for rrdtool graph

SYNOPSIS

rrdtool graph /home/httpd/html/test.png --imgformat PNG

followed by any of the examples below

DESCRIPTION

For your convenience some of the commands are explained here by using
detailed examples. They are not always cut-and-paste ready because
comments are intermixed with the examples.

EXAMPLES

Data with multiple resolutions

--end now --start end-120000s --width 400
DEF:ds0a=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:ds0b=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=1800
DEF:ds0c=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:step=7200
LINE1:ds0a#0000FF:"default resolution\l"
LINE1:ds0b#00CCFF:"resolution 1800 seconds per interval\l"
LINE1:ds0c#FF00FF:"resolution 7200 seconds per interval\l"

Nicely formatted legend section

DEF:ds0=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:ds1=/home/rrdtool/data/router1.rrd:ds1:AVERAGE
VDEF:ds0max=ds0,MAXIMUM
VDEF:ds0avg=ds0,AVERAGE
VDEF:ds0min=ds0,MINIMUM
VDEF:ds0pct=ds0,95,PERCENT
VDEF:ds1max=ds1,MAXIMUM
VDEF:ds1avg=ds1,AVERAGE
VDEF:ds1min=ds1,MINIMUM
VDEF:ds1pct=ds1,95,PERCENT

Note: consolidation occurs here.

CDEF:ds0bits=ds0,8,*
CDEF:ds1bits=ds1,8,*

Note: 10 spaces to move text to the right

COMMENT:" "

Note: the column titles have to be as wide as the columns

COMMENT:"Maximum "
COMMENT:"Average "
COMMENT:"Minimum "

COMMENT:"95th percentile\l"
AREA:ds0bits#00C000:"Inbound "
GPRINT:ds0max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds0pct:"%6.2lf %Sbps\l"
LINE1:ds1bits#0000FF:"Outbound"
GPRINT:ds1max:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1avg:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1min:"%6.2lf %Sbps"
GPRINT:ds1pct:"%6.2lf %Sbps\l"

Offsetting a line on the y-axis
Depending on your needs you can do this in two ways:

+o Offset the data, then graph this

DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE

Note: this will also influence any other command that uses "data"

CDEF:data=mydata,100,+
LINE1:data#FF0000:"Data with offset"

+o Graph the original data, with an offset

DEF:mydata=my.rrd:ds:AVERAGE

Note: no color in the first line so it is not visible

LINE1:100

Note: the second line gets stacked on top of the first one

LINE1:mydata#FF0000:"Data with offset":STACK

Drawing dashed lines

Also works for HRULE and VRULE

+o default style: - - - - -

LINE1:data#FF0000:"dashed line":dashes

+o more fancy style with offset: - - --- - --- -

LINE1:data#FF0000:"another dashed line":dashes=15,5,5,10:dash-offset=10

Time ranges

Last four weeks: --start end-4w --end 00:00
January 2001: --start 20010101 --end start+31d
January 2001: --start 20010101 --end 20010201
Last hour: --start end-1h
Last 24 hours: <nothing at all>
Yesterday: --end 00:00

Viewing the current and previous week together

--end now --start end-1w
DEF:thisweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE
DEF:lastweek=router.rrd:ds0:AVERAGE:end=now-1w:start=end-1w

Shift the data forward by one week (604800 seconds)

SHIFT:lastweek:604800
[ more of the usual VDEF and CDEF stuff if you like ]
AREA:lastweek#0000FF:Last\ week
LINE1:thisweek#FF0000:This\ week

Aberrant Behaviour Detection

If the specialized function RRAs exist for aberrant behavior
detection, they can be used to generate the graph of a time series
with confidence bands and failures.

rrdtool graph example.png \
DEF:obs=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:AVERAGE \
DEF:pred=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:HWPREDICT \
DEF:dev=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:DEVPREDICT \
DEF:fail=monitor.rrd:ifOutOctets:FAILURES \
TICK:fail#ffffa0:1.0:"Failures\: Average bits out" \
CDEF:scaledobs=obs,8,* \
CDEF:upper=pred,dev,2,*,+ \
CDEF:lower=pred,dev,2,*,- \
CDEF:scaledupper=upper,8,* \
CDEF:scaledlower=lower,8,* \
LINE2:scaledobs#0000ff:"Average bits out" \
LINE1:scaledupper#ff0000:"Upper Confidence Bound: Average bits out" \
LINE1:scaledlower#ff0000:"Lower Confidence Bound: Average bits out"

This example generates a graph of the data series in blue (LINE2 with
the scaledobs virtual data source), confidence bounds in red
(scaledupper and scaledlower virtual data sources), and potential
failures (i.e. potential aberrant behavior) marked by vertical yellow
lines (the fail data source).

The raw data comes from an AVERAGE RRA, the finest resolution of the
observed time series (one consolidated data point per primary data
point). The predicted (or smoothed) values are stored in the
HWPREDICT RRA. The predicted deviations (think standard deviation)
values are stored in the DEVPREDICT RRA. Finally, the FAILURES RRA
contains indicators, with 1 denoting a potential failure.

All of the data is rescaled to bits (instead of Octets) by
multiplying by 8. The confidence bounds are computed by an offset of
2 deviations both above and below the predicted values (the CDEFs
upper and lower). Vertical lines indicated potential failures are
graphed via the TICK graph element, which converts non-zero values in
an RRA into tick marks. Here an axis-fraction argument of 1.0 means
the tick marks span the entire y-axis, and hence become vertical
lines on the graph.

The choice of 2 deviations (a scaling factor) matches the default
used internally by the FAILURES RRA. If the internal value is changed
(see rrdtune), this graphing command should be changed to be
consistent.

A note on data reduction:

The rrdtool graph command is designed to plot data at a specified
temporal resolution, regardless of the actually resolution of the
data in the RRD file. This can present a problem for the specialized
consolidation functions which maintain a one-to-one mapping between
primary data points and consolidated data points. If a graph insists
on viewing the contents of these RRAs on a coarser temporal scale,
the graph command tries to do something intelligent, but the
confidence bands and failures no longer have the same meaning and may
be misleading.

AUTHOR

Program by Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>

This manual page by Alex van den Bogaerdt <alex@vandenbogaerdt.nl>
with corrections and/or additions by several people

1.8.0 2022-03-14 RRDGRAPH_EXAMPLES(1)