Tribblix: manual page: ctwm.1

CTWM(1) CTWM(1)

NAME

ctwm - Claude's Tab Window Manager for the X Window System

SYNTAX

DESCRIPTION

ctwm is a window manager for the X Window System. It provides
titlebars, shaped windows, virtual screens (workspaces), several
forms of icon management, user-defined macro functions, click-to-type
and pointer-driven keyboard focus, and user-specified key and pointer
button bindings. It is actually twm(1) (Tab Window Manager) from the
MIT X11 distribution slightly modified to accommodate the use of
several virtual screens (workspaces). It is heavily inspired by the
Hewlett-Packard vuewm window manager. In addition, ctwm can use
coloured, shaped icons and background root pixmaps in XPM format
[from Arnaud Le Hors], in JPEG using libjpeg, and xwd files. ctwm can
be compiled to use any combination of the above icon/pixmap formats.

This program is usually started by the user's session manager or
startup script. When used from xdm(1) or xinit(1) without a session
manager, ctwm is frequently executed in the foreground as the last
client. When run this way, exiting ctwm causes the X session to be
terminated, shutting down the X server and killing off any other
running clients.

By default, application windows are surrounded by a "frame" with a
titlebar at the top and a special border around the window. The
titlebar contains the window's name, a rectangle that is lit when the
window is receiving keyboard input, and function boxes known as
"titlebuttons" at the left and right edges of the titlebar to which
actions can be bound.

Pressing pointer Button1 (usually the left-most button unless it has
been changed with xmodmap) on a titlebutton will invoke the function
associated with the button. In the default interface, windows are
iconified by clicking (pressing and then immediately releasing) the
left titlebutton (which looks like a Dot). Conversely, windows are
deiconified by clicking in the associated icon or entry in the icon
manager (see description of the variable ShowIconManager and of the
function f.showiconmgr).

Windows are resized by pressing the right titlebutton (which
resembles a group of nested squares), dragging the pointer over edge
that is to be moved, and releasing the pointer when the outline of
the window is the desired size. Similarly, windows are moved by
pressing in the title or highlight region, dragging a window outline
to the new location, and then releasing when the outline is in the
desired position. Just clicking in the title or highlight region
raises the window without moving it.

When new windows are created, ctwm will honor any size and location
information requested by the user (usually through -geometry command
line argument or resources for the individual applications).
Otherwise, an outline of the window's default size, its titlebar, and
lines dividing the window into a 3x3 grid that track the pointer are
displayed. Clicking pointer Button1 will position the window at the
current position and give it the default size. Pressing pointer
Button2 (usually the middle pointer button) and dragging the outline
will give the window its current position but allow the sides to be
resized as described above. Clicking pointer Button3 (usually the
right pointer button) will give the window its current position but
attempt to make it long enough to touch the bottom the screen.

OPTIONS

ctwm accepts the following command line options:

--help, -h
Print usage text.

--display=dpy, -d dpy
This option specifies the X server to use.

--replace
This option indicates that it is not an error if a window manager
is already running. In that case, the existing window manager is
asked to quit, and ctwm takes its place. Available only if ctwm
is built with the USE_EWMH flag. First appeared in 4.0.0.

--single
This option indicates that only the default screen (as specified
by --display or by the DISPLAY environment variable) should be
managed. By default, ctwm will attempt to manage all screens on
the display.

--cfgchk
This option causes ctwm to only try to parse the config file, and
indicate whether errors are found.

--dumpcfg
This option causes ctwm to print out the compiled-in fallback
config. First appeared in 4.0.0.

--file=filename, -f filename
This option specifies the name of the startup file to use. ctwm
will first try to load filename.num, where num is the screen
number. If it fails, it will try to load filename. By default,
ctwm will look in the user's home directory for files named
.ctwmrc.num, .ctwmrc, .twmrc.num, or .twmrc (where num is a
screen number).

--verbose, -v
This option indicates that ctwm should print error messages
whenever an unexpected X Error event is received. This can be
useful when debugging applications but can be distracting in
regular use.

--quiet, -q
Disables --verbose (useful for overriding aliases, etc).

--nom4, -n
This option indicates that ctwm should not filter the startup
file through m4. Available only if ctwm is built with the USE_M4
flag.

--keep-defs, -k
This option indicates that ctwm should keep the definitions it
prepends to your startup file when filtering through m4 in /tmp.
Available only if ctwm is built with the USE_M4 flag.

--keep=m4file, -K m4file
This option indicates that ctwm should keep the result of
filtering your startup file through m4 in the named file.
Available only if ctwm is built with the USE_M4 flag.

--mono
Run in monochrome mode.

--version
ctwm just prints its version number.

--info
ctwm prints its detailed version and compile time options.

--nowelcome, -W
This option tells ctwm not to display any welcome when starting.

--clientId=clid, --restore=resfname
Something to do with session management

--xrm=resource
Ignored.

ctwm uses getopt_long() for parsing the command-line options. This
means that args can be passed via --long=arg and --long arg, as well
as -l arg and -larg, and short args can be bundled like -vnk as well
as -v -n -k.

CUSTOMIZATION

Much of ctwm's appearance and behavior can be controlled by providing
a startup file in one of the following locations (searched in order
for each screen being managed when ctwm begins):

$HOME/.ctwmrc.screennumber
The screennumber is a small positive number (e.g. 0, 1, etc.)
representing the screen number (e.g. the last number in the
DISPLAY environment variable host:displaynum.screennum) that
would be used to contact that screen of the display. This is
intended for displays with multiple screens of differing visual
types.

$HOME/.ctwmrc
This is the usual name for an individual user's startup file.

$HOME/.twmrc.screennumber, $HOME/.twmrc
The users twm startup file.

/usr/etc/system.ctwmrc
If none of the preceding files are found, ctwm will look in this
file for a default configuration. This is often tailored by the
site administrator to provide convenient menus or familiar
bindings for novice users.

If no startup files are found, ctwm will use the built-in defaults
described above. The only resource used by ctwm is bitmapFilePath
for a colon-separated list of directories to search when looking for
bitmap files (for more information, see the Athena Widgets manual and
xrdb(1)).

ctwm startup files are logically broken up into three types of
specifications: Variables, Bindings, Menus. The Variables section
must come first and is used to describe the fonts, colors, cursors,
border widths, icon and window placement, highlighting, autoraising,
layout of titles, warping, use of the icon manager. The Bindings
section usually comes second and is used to specify the functions
that should be invoked when keyboard and pointer buttons are pressed
in windows, icons, titles, and frames. The Menus section gives any
user-defined menus (containing functions to be invoked or commands to
be executed).

Variable names and keywords are case-insensitive. Strings must be
surrounded by double quote characters (e.g. "blue") and are
case-sensitive. A pound sign (#) outside of a string causes the
remainder of the line in which the character appears to be treated as
a comment.

M4 PREPROCESSING
ctwm can use m4(1) to pre-process its setup files. The availability
of the m4 preprocessing is dependent on the build option USE_M4 (on
by default), and can be selectively disabled with the --nom4
command-line argument.

When ctwm starts up, it opens a file for input as described above.
But, it processes that file through m4 before parsing it. So, you can
use m4 macros to perform operations at runtime. This makes it very
easy to work when you use many different displays, with different
characteristics. For example, If you want to set the lower right
section of the screen to be your IconRegion, (see below for details
on the IconRegion variable) you can use m4 directives and pre-defined
symbols to calculate the region you want. For example:

define(IRegion, translit(eval(WIDTH/3)*eval(HEIGHT/2)+eval(WIDTH-WIDTH/3)-0, *, x))
IconRegion "IRegion" SOUTH EAST 75 25

will define the lower half, and right-hand third of the screen. The
above makes use of symbols that are predefined for m4 by ctwm. The
symbols WIDTH and HEIGHT are among those calculated by ctwm and
written into a temporary file for m4 to use.

You may well find that if you research the m4(1) manual well, and
understand the power of m4, this will be a very useful and powerful
tool. But, if you use any of the symbols which are predefined by m4,
you are in severe danger! For example, the Sun m4 predefines shift,
so if you use that name in your .ctwmrc, you are out of luck.

The following symbols are predefined by ctwm:

Hostnames

SERVERHOST
This variable is set to the name of the machine that is running
the X server.

CLIENTHOST
The machine that is running the clients. (ie, ctwm)

HOSTNAME
As of 4.0.2, this is a duplicate of CLIENTHOST. In prior
versions, gethostbyname() was used to attempt to derive a
canonical or fully-qualified version of the hostname.

User Info

USER
The name of the user running the program. Value taken from
environmental variables $USER and $LOGNAME, or from the passwd
lookup for your uid if they don't exist. Falls back to "unknown"
if all methods fail.

HOME
The user's home directory. Gotten from the environment var
$HOME.

ctwm info
TWM_TYPE
Tells which twm offshoot is running. It will always be set to
the string "ctwm" in this program. This is useful for protecting
parts of your .twmrc file that twm proper won't understand (like
WorkSpaces) so that it is still usable with other twm programs.

TWM_VERSION
Tells which ctwm version is running in the form of a floating
point number.

CTWM_VERSION_MAJOR, CTWM_VERSION_MINOR, CTWM_VERSION_PATCH,
CTWM_VERSION_ADDL
Gives the ctwm version split out. e.g., for a version like
"3.8.2-beta1", the _MAJOR will be "3", _MINOR "8", _PATCH "2",
and _ADDL "-beta1". Final releases will generally have an empty
CTWM_VERSION_ADDL; it's mostly meaningful in dev and betas. For
comparison, in this situation, TWM_VERSION will be "3.8.2".

The CTWM_VERSION_* variables first appeared in 4.0.0.

X server info

VERSION
The X major protocol version. As seen by ProtocolVersion(3).

REVISION
The X minor protocol revision. As seen by ProtocolRevision(3).

VENDOR
The vendor of your X server. For example: MIT X Consortium.

RELEASE
The release number of your X server. For MIT X11R5, this is 5.

Display info

WIDTH
The width of your display in pixels.

HEIGHT
The height of your display in pixels.

X_RESOLUTION
The X resolution of your display in pixels per meter.

Y_RESOLUTION
The Y resolution of your display in pixels per meter.

PLANES
The number of bit planes your display supports in the default
root window.

BITS_PER_RGB
The number of significant bits in an RGB color. (log base 2 of
the number of distinct colors that can be created. This is often
different from the number of colors that can be displayed at
once.)

CLASS
Your visual class. Will return one of StaticGray, GrayScale,
StaticColor, PseudoColor, TrueColor, DirectColor, or, if it
cannot determine what you have, NonStandard.

COLOR
This will be either "Yes" or "No". This is just a wrapper around
the above definition. Returns "Yes" on *Color, and "No" on
StaticGray and GrayScale.

ctwm compile-time options
XPM
Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with XPM support.

PIXMAP_DIRECTORY
The directory where the ctwm pictures are installed.

JPEG
Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with JPEG support.

SOUNDS
Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with SOUND support.

EWMH
Is defined only if ctwm was compiled with EWMH support. First
appeared in 4.0.0.

I18N
Is defined if ctwm was compiled with I18N support. This is no
longer optional since 3.8 and is always compiled in. The
definition will be removed in a future version.

Obsolete options

GNOME
Defined when ctwm was compiled with GNOME1 support. Removed
after 3.8.2.

TWM_CAPTIVE
This was either "Yes" or "No". "Yes" if the current ctwm is
captive (flag -w), "No" in the other case. Removed in 4.1.0.

TWM_CAPTIVE_NAME
Defined only if TWM_CAPTIVE is also defined. Contains the name of
the captive ctwm (flag --name). Removed in 4.1.0.

VARIABLES

Many of the aspects of ctwm's user interface are controlled by
variables that may be set in the user's startup file. Some of the
options are enabled or disabled simply by the presence of a
particular keyword. Other options require keywords, numbers,
strings, or lists of all of these.

Lists are surrounded by braces and are usually separated by
whitespace or a newline. For example:

AutoRaise { "emacs" "XTerm" "Xmh" }

or

AutoRaise
{
"emacs"
"XTerm"
"Xmh"
}

When a variable containing a list of strings representing windows is
searched (e.g. to determine whether or not to enable autoraise as
shown above), a string must be an exact, case-sensitive match to the
window's name (given by various window properties, such as WM_NAME),
resource name or class name (both given by the WM_CLASS window
property). The preceding example would enable autoraise on windows
named "emacs" as well as any xterm (since they are of class "XTerm")
or xmh windows (which are of class "Xmh").

String arguments that are interpreted as filenames (see the Pixmaps,
Cursors, and IconDirectory below) will prepend the user's directory
(specified by the HOME environment variable) if the first character
is a tilde (~). If, instead, the first character is a colon (:), the
name is assumed to refer to one of the internal bitmaps that are used
to create the default titlebars symbols: :xlogo or :iconify (both
refer to the X used for the iconify button), :resize (the nested
squares used by the resize button), and :question (the question mark
used for non-existent bitmap files).

The following variables may be specified at the top of a ctwm startup
file. Lists of window name prefix strings are indicated by win-list.
Optional arguments are shown in square brackets:

AlwaysOnTop { win-list }
This variable specifies a list of windows (all windows if the
list is defaulted) that ctwm will try its best to maintain on top
of others. This doesn't work in all case.

AlwaysShowWindowWhenMovingFromWorkspaceManager
When ReallyMoveInWorkspaceManager is present and the user is
moving a window from the WorkSpaceMap, ctwm display the actual
window only if it crosses the current active workspace. If
AlwaysShowWindowWhenMovingFromWorkspaceManager is present, the
actual window is always visible during the move, regardless of
whether it crosses the current workspace or not. The Shift key
toggles this behaviour.

AlwaysSqueezeToGravity [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that ctwm should obey window gravity when
squeezing a window even when the window has a titlebar.
Normally, ctwm will always squeeze a window that has a titlebar
toward the north. The optional win-list may be used to control
which windows this applies on.

AnimationSpeed speed
The speed argument is a non-negative integer. It determines the
number of times a second animations (if any) are updated. If
speed is 0, animations are freezed. The default value is 0.

AutoFocusToTransients
Transient windows get focus automatically when created. Useful
with programs that have keyboard shortcuts that pop up windows.

AutoLower [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies a list of windows (all windows if the
list is defaulted) to be automatically lowered whenever the
pointer leaves a window. This action can be interactively
enabled or disabled on individual windows using the function
f.autolower.

AutoOccupy
This variable specifies that clients will automatically change
their occupation when their name or icon name changes. The new
occupation will be recalculated from the Occupy and OccupyAll
fields in the .ctwmrc file.

AutoPopup [{ win-list }]
This variables specifies a list of windows which will be
deiconified whenever their name changes. Can be used for
xconsole, for instance,which adds a "*" to its name whenever
something gets displayed on the console, or for various mail
readers who change their icons depending on the presence of
unread mail.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

AutoPriority
This variable specifies that ctwm should automatically recompute
the priority of a window (and its associated icon) when its name
changes. See also OnTopPriority.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

AutoRaise [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies a list of windows (all windows if the
list is defaulted) to be automatically raised whenever the
pointer has come to rest in a window for the amount of time
specified by the RaiseDelay variable. This action can be
interactively enabled or disabled on individual windows using the
function f.autoraise.

AutoRaiseIcons
Icons are raised when the cursor enters it. Useful with
ShrinkIconTitles.

AutoRelativeResize
This variable indicates that dragging out a window size (either
when initially sizing the window with pointer Button2 or when
resizing it) should not wait until the pointer has crossed the
window edges. Instead, moving the pointer automatically causes
the nearest edge or edges to move by the same amount. This
allows the resizing of windows that extend off the edge of the
screen. If the pointer is in the center of the window, or if the
resize is begun by pressing a titlebutton, ctwm will still wait
for the pointer to cross a window edge (to prevent accidents).
This option is particularly useful for people who like the
press-drag-release method of sweeping out window sizes.

AutoSqueeze { win-list }
These windows will be auto-squeezed (see f.squeeze). i.e.
automatically unsqueezed when they get focus, and squeezed when
they loose it. Useful for the workspace manager. Not authorized
for icon managers.

BackingStore
Enable usage of backing store on menus and workspace map windows.
See also NoBackingStore. Added in 4.0.0; in previous versions
this was the default.

BeNiceToColormap
By defaults new colors are allocated for shadows when a 3D look
is used, but when you specify BeNiceToColormap ctwm uses stipling
instead of new colors, the effect is less beautiful, but
acceptable. In this case ClearShadowContrast and
DarkShadowContrast have no effects.

BorderBottom pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone
at the bottom of the screen. All constrained window functions
(f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff, etc...) will consider this
zone as offscreen. Default is 0.

BorderColor string [{ wincolorlist }]
This variable specifies the default color of the border to be
placed around all non-iconified windows, and may only be given
within a Color or Monochrome list. The optional wincolorlist
specifies a list of window and color name pairs for specifying
particular border colors for different types of windows. For
example:

BorderColor "gray50"
{
"XTerm" "red"
"xmh" "green"
}

The default is "black".

BorderLeft pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone
at the left of the screen. All constrained window functions
(f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff, etc...) will consider this
zone as offscreen. Default is 0.

BorderResizeCursors
This variable specifies that ctwm should use resizing cursors
when the pointer is on the window border. To be used preferably
when you have bound a button to f.resize in the frame context.

BorderRight pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone
at the right of the screen. All constrained window functions
(f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff, etc...) will consider this
zone as offscreen. Default is 0.

BorderShadowDepth pixels
This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D
window borders, when UseThreeDBorders is selected.

BorderTileBackground string [{ wincolorlist }]
This variable specifies the default background color in the gray
pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't
been set), and may only be given within a Color or Monochrome
list. The optional wincolorlist allows per-window colors to be
specified. The default is "white".

BorderTileForeground string [{ wincolorlist }]
This variable specifies the default foreground color in the gray
pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight hasn't
been set), and may only be given within a Color or Monochrome
list. The optional wincolorlist allows per-window colors to be
specified. The default is "black".

BorderTop pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of a forbidden zone
at the top of the screen. All constrained window functions
(f.movepack, f.move with DontMoveOff, etc...) will consider this
zone as offscreen. Default is 0.

BorderWidth pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border
surrounding all client window frames if ClientBorderWidth has not
been specified. This value is also used to set the border size
of windows created by ctwm (such as the icon manager). The
default is 2.

ButtonIndent pixels
This variable specifies the amount by which titlebuttons should
be indented on all sides. Positive values cause the buttons to
be smaller than the window text and highlight area so that they
stand out. Setting this and the TitleButtonBorderWidth variables
to 0 makes titlebuttons be as tall and wide as possible. The
default is 1 if UseThreeDTitles is not set, 0 if it is set.

CenterFeedbackWindow
The moving and resizing information window is centered in the
middle of the screen instead of the top left corner.

ClearShadowContrast contrast
Indicates to ctwm how to calculate the clear shadow color for 3D
items. The value is a comprised between 0 and 100. The formula
used is :

clear.{RGB} = (65535 - color.{RGB}) * (contrast / 100).

Has no effect if BeNiceToColormap is active.

ClickToFocus
Focus windows by clicking on them, rather than merely mousing
over them.

ClientBorderWidth
This variable indicates that border width of a window's frame
should be set to the initial border width of the window, rather
than to the value of BorderWidth. If Use3DBorders is set this
variable is automatically unset.

Color { colors-list }
This variable specifies a list of color assignments to be made if
the default display is capable of displaying more than simple
black and white. The colors-list is made up of the following
color variables and their values: DefaultBackground,
DefaultForeground, MenuBackground, MenuForeground,
MenuTitleBackground, MenuTitleForeground, and MenuShadowColor.
The following color variables may also be given a list of window
and color name pairs to allow per-window colors to be specified
(see BorderColor for details): BorderColor, IconManagerHighlight,
BorderTileBackground, BorderTileForeground, TitleBackground,
TitleForeground, IconBackground, IconForeground, IconBorderColor,
IconManagerBackground, and IconManagerForeground. For example:

Color
{
MenuBackground "gray50"
MenuForeground "blue"
BorderColor "red" { "XTerm" "yellow" }
TitleForeground "yellow"
TitleBackground "blue"
}

All of these color variables may also be specified for the
Monochrome variable, allowing the same initialization file to be
used on both color and monochrome displays.

ConstrainedMoveTime milliseconds
This variable specifies the length of time between button clicks
needed to begin a constrained move operation. Double clicking
within this amount of time when invoking f.move or other similar
moving functions will cause the window only be moved in a
horizontal or vertical direction. Setting this value to 0 will
disable constrained moves. The default is 400 milliseconds.

Note that this also affects double clicking in f.raiseorsqueeze,
and potentially other places that need to track double clicks.
It should probably be renamed.

Cursors { cursor-list }
This variable specifies the glyphs that ctwm should use for
various pointer cursors. Each cursor may be defined either from
the cursor font or from two bitmap files. Shapes from the cursor
font may be specified directly as:

cursorname "string"

where cursorname is one of the cursor names listed below, and
string is the name of a glyph as found in the file
<X11/cursorfont.h> (without the "XC_" prefix). If the cursor is
to be defined from bitmap files, the following syntax is used
instead:

cursorname "image" "mask"

The image and mask strings specify the names of files containing
the glyph image and mask in bitmap(1) form. The bitmap files are
located in the same manner as icon bitmap files. The following
example shows the default cursor definitions:

Cursors
{
Frame "top_left_arrow"
Title "top_left_arrow"
Icon "top_left_arrow"
IconMgr "top_left_arrow"
Move "fleur"
Resize "fleur"
Menu "sb_left_arrow"
Button "hand2"
Wait "watch"
Select "dot"
Destroy "pirate"
}

DarkShadowContrast contrast
Indicates to ctwm how to calculate the dark shadow color for 3D
items. The value is a comprised between 0 and 100. The formula
used is :

dark.{RGB} = color.{RGB} * ((100 - contrast) / 100),

Has no effect if BeNiceToColormap is active.

DecorateTransients
This variable indicates that transient windows (those containing
a WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property) should have titlebars. As of 4.0.0
this is the default.

DefaultBackground string
This variable specifies the background color to be used for
sizing and information windows. The default is "white".

DefaultForeground string
This variable specifies the foreground color to be used for
sizing and information windows. The default is "black".

DontIconifyByUnmapping { win-list }
This variable specifies a list of windows that should not be
iconified by simply unmapping the window (as would be the case if
IconifyByUnmapping had been set). This is frequently used to
force some windows to be treated as icons while other windows are
handled by the icon manager.

DontMoveOff
This variable indicates that windows should not be allowed to be
moved off the screen. It can be overridden by the f.forcemove
function.

DontNameDecorations
Disable setting WM_NAME properties on the various decoration
windows ctwm puts around the windows it manages. These are handy
to keep track of what's what when poking through the list of
windows on the screen, but can confuse some tools that don't
expect to find them there (xwit is known to be one of them).
First appeared in 4.0.2.

DontPaintRootWindow
This variable tells ctwm not to paint the root window, whatever
you told in the Workspaces specification. This is useful to have
pixmaps in the Workspace Map but not on the root window.

DontSave { win-list }
These windows won't have their characteristics saved for the
session manager.

DontSetInactive { win-list }
These windows won't be set to InactiveState when they become
invisible due to a change workspace. This has been added because
some ill-behaved clients (Frame5) don't like this.

DontShowWelcomeWindow
Indicates the same as the -W option: the welcome window is not
shown.

DontSqueezeTitle [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that titlebars should not be squeezed to
their minimum size as described under SqueezeTitle below. If the
optional window list is supplied, only those windows will be
prevented from being squeezed.

DontToggleWorkSpaceManagerState
Turns off the feature toggling the workspace manager state
to/from map/button state when you press ctrl and the workspace
manager window is in focus.

DontWarpCursorInWMap
Tells ctwm not to warp the cursor to the corresponding actual
window when you click in a small window in the workspace map.

EWMHIgnore { message-types }
Sets EWMH message types that ctwm will ignore. This is only
valid if built with USE_EWMH (currently on by default). The
following example shows all the valid options:

EWMHIgnore
{
# Window states
"STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT"
"STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ"
"STATE_FULLSCREEN"
"STATE_SHADED"
"STATE_ABOVE"
"STATE_BELOW"
}

First appeared in 4.0.0.

ForceFocus [{ win-list }]
Give focus to windows whether they asked for it or not. This may
occasionally be useful with windows that tell us not to give them
focus, but still need it and fail to work right without us doing
so. The optional window list allows specifying which windows
will get such treatment.

First appeared in 4.0.0. In prior versions, a variant of this
functionality was unconditionally enabled.

ForceIcons
This variable indicates that icon pixmaps specified in the Icons
variable should override any client-supplied pixmaps.

FramePadding pixels
This variable specifies the distance between the titlebar
decorations (the button and text) and the window frame. The
default is 2 pixels if UseThreeDTitles is not set, 0 if it is
set.

GrabServer
Specifies that ctwm should grab the X server (blocking all events
other than ours) when popping up menus and moving opaque windows.
See also NoGrabServer. Added in 4.0.0; in previous versions this
was the default.

IconBackground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the background color of icons, and may
only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The
optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so that
per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor variable
for a complete description of the win-list. The default is
"white".

IconBorderColor string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the color of the border used for icon
windows, and may only be specified inside of a Color or
Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names
and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the
BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list.
The default is "black".

IconBorderWidth pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border
surrounding icon windows. The default is 2.

IconDirectory string
This variable specifies the directory that should be searched if
a bitmap file cannot be found in any of the directories in the
bitmapFilePath resource.

IconFont string
This variable specifies the font to be used to display icon names
within icons. The default is "variable".

IconForeground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the foreground color to be used when
displaying icons, and may only be specified inside of a Color or
Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names
and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the
BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list.
The default is "black".

IconifyByUnmapping [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that windows should be iconified by being
unmapped without trying to map any icons. This assumes that the
user is will remap the window through the icon manager, the
f.warpto function, or the TwmWindows menu. If the optional
win-list is provided, only those windows will be iconified by
simply unmapping. Windows that have both this and the
IconManagerDontShow options set may not be accessible if no
binding to the TwmWindows menu is set in the user's startup file.

IconifyStyle string
Where string is either "normal", "mosaic", "zoomin", "zoomout" or
"sweep". Tells ctwm to use some fancy graphical effects when
iconifying windows.

IconJustification string
Where string is either "left", "center" or "right". Tells ctwm
how to justify the icon image against the icon title (if any).

IconManagerBackground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the background color to use for icon
manager entries, and may only be specified inside of a Color or
Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list of window names
and colors so that per-window colors may be specified. See the
BorderColor variable for a complete description of the win-list.
The default is "white".

IconManagerDontShow [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that the icon manager should not display
any windows. If the optional win-list is given, only those
windows will not be displayed. This variable is used to prevent
windows that are rarely iconified (such as xclock or xload) from
taking up space in the icon manager.

IconManagerFont string
This variable specifies the font to be used when displaying icon
manager entries. The default is "variable".

IconManagerForeground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the foreground color to be used when
displaying icon manager entries, and may only be specified inside
of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a list
of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be
specified. See the BorderColor variable for a complete
description of the win-list. The default is "black".

IconManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
This variable specifies the geometry of the icon manager window.
The string argument is standard geometry specification that
indicates the initial full size of the icon manager. The icon
manager window is then broken into columns pieces and scaled
according to the number of entries in the icon manager. Extra
entries are wrapped to form additional rows. The default number
of columns is 1. When XrandR is compiled, the geometry can be
relative to a monitor, by prefixing its name (visible with
xrandr(1) command line) followed by :. This name is ignored when
XrandR is not available.

IconManagerHighlight string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the border color to be used when
highlighting the icon manager entry that currently has the focus,
and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.
The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so
that per-window colors may be specified. See the BorderColor
variable for a complete description of the win-list. The default
is "black".

IconManagers { iconmgr-list }
This variable specifies a list of icon managers to create. Each
item in the iconmgr-list has the following format:

"winname" ["iconname"] "geometry" columns

where winname is the name of the windows that should be put into
this icon manager, iconname is the name of that icon manager
window's icon, geometry is a standard geometry specification, and
columns is the number of columns in this icon manager as
described in IconManagerGeometry. When XrandR is compiled, the
geometry can be relative to a monitor, by prefixing its name
(visible with xrandr(1) command line) followed by :. This name is
ignored when XrandR is not available. For example:

IconManagers
{
"XTerm" "=300x5+800+5" 5
"myhost" "HDMI2:400x5+100+5" 2
}

Clients whose name or class is "XTerm" will have an entry created
in the "XTerm" icon manager. Clients whose name was "myhost"
would be put into the "myhost" icon manager.

IconManagerShadowDepth pixels
This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D
IconManager entries, when UseThreeDIconManagers is selected.

IconManagerShow { win-list }
This variable specifies a list of windows that should appear in
the icon manager. When used in conjunction with the
IconManagerDontShow variable, only the windows in this list will
be shown in the icon manager.

IconMenuDontShow { win-list }
Don't show the name of these windows in the TwmIcons menu.

IconRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav gridwidth gridheight [iconjust]
[iconregjust] [iconregalign] [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies an area on the root window in which icons
are placed if no specific icon location is provided by the
client. The geomstring is a quoted string containing a standard
geometry specification. When XrandR is compiled, the geometry can
be relative to a monitor, by prefixing its name (visible with
xrandr(1) command line) followed by :. This name is ignored when
XrandR is not available. If more than one IconRegion lines are
given, icons will be put into the succeeding icon regions when
the first is full. The vgrav argument should be either North or
South and is used to control whether icons are first filled in
from the top or bottom of the icon region. Similarly, the hgrav
argument should be either East or West and is used to control
whether icons should be filled in from left or from the right.
Icons are laid out within the region in a grid with cells
gridwidth pixels wide and gridheight pixels high. The optional
win-list argument tells ctwm that if such a window is iconified,
and there is enough room in this icon region for its icon, then
place it here. The optional iconjust, iconregjust and
iconregalign can be used to give specific values of
IconJustification, IconRegionJustification and
IconRegionAlignement for this IconRegion.

IconRegionAlignement string
Where string is either "top", "center" "bottom" or "border".
Tells ctwm how to align icons inside their place in the
IconRegion. If "border" is given, the justification will be
"top" if the icon region gravity is "north" and "bottom" if the
icon region gravity is "south".

IconRegionJustification string
Where string is either "left", "center" "right" or "border".
Tells ctwm how to justify icons inside their place in the
IconRegion. If "border" is given, the justification will be
"left" if the icon region gravity is "west" and "right" if the
icon region gravity is "east".

Icons { win-list }
This variable specifies a list of window names and the bitmap
filenames that should be used as their icons. For example:

Icons
{
"XTerm" "xterm.icon"
"xfd" "xfd_icon"
}

Windows that match "XTerm" and would not be iconified by
unmapping, would try to use the icon bitmap in the file
"xterm.icon".If ForceIcons is specified, this bitmap will be used
even if the client has requested its own icon pixmap.

IconSize string
(Only if built with USE_EWMH) string is of the form
"<width>x<height>" or "size" for a square size. This indicates
the preferred size of icons selected from the EWMH window
property _NET_WM_ICON. If an icon with the exact size is not
available, one with the nearest (area) size will be chosen.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

IgnoreCaseInMenuSelection
Used when moving the pointer inside a menu with the keyboard.
When you type a letter, the pointer goes to the next entry
beginning with this letter. If IgnoreCaseInMenuSelection is
present, this selection ignores the case of this first letter.

IgnoreLockModifier
If present, all bindings (buttons and keys) will ignore the
LockMask. Useful if you often use caps lock, and don't want to
define twice all your bindings.

IgnoreModifier
All bindings (buttons and keys) will ignore the modifiers you
specified. It is useful when you use caps locks or num locks. You
don't need IgnoreLockModifier any more with this option.

IgnoreModifier { lock m2 }

IgnoreTransient
List of windows for which to ignore transients.

IgnoreTransient { "Wine" }

InterpolateMenuColors
This variable indicates that menu entry colors should be
interpolated between entry specified colors. In the example
below:

Menu "mymenu"
{
"Title" ("black":"red") f.title
"entry1" f.nop
"entry2" f.nop
"entry3" ("white":"green") f.nop
"entry4" f.nop
"entry5" ("red":"white") f.nop
}

the foreground colors for "entry1" and "entry2" will be
interpolated between black and white, and the background colors
between red and green. Similarly, the foreground for "entry4"
will be half-way between white and red, and the background will
be half-way between green and white.

MakeTitle { win-list }
This variable specifies a list of windows on which a titlebar
should be placed and is used to request titles on specific
windows when NoTitle has been set.

MapWindowBackground color [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the background colors to use for small
windows in the workspace map window and may only be specified
inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a
list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be
specified. If there is neither MapWindowBackground, nor
MapWindowForeground the window title colors are used.

MapWindowCurrentWorkSpace { border_color [background] [foreground]
[bitmap] }
Specify the appearence of the map window corresponding to the
current workspace.

MapWindowDefaultWorkSpace { border_color [background] [foreground]
[bitmap] }
Specify the appearence of the map window corresponding to the
workspaces other than the current workspace when no root
background information has been provided to ctwm in the WorkSpace
command. Not used in others cases.

MapWindowForeground color [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the foreground colors to use for small
windows in the workspace map window and may only be specified
inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The optional win-list is a
list of window names and colors so that per-window colors may be
specified. If there is neither MapWindowBackground, nor
MapWindowForeground the window title colors are used.

MaxIconTitleWidth width
The integer argument tells ctwm the maximun width to use for an
icon title. If an icon title is larger than width, it is
truncated.

MaxWindowSize string
This variable specifies a geometry in which the width and height
give the maximum size for a given window. This is typically used
to restrict windows to the size of the screen. The default is
"30000x30000".

MenuBackground string
This variable specifies the background color used for menus, and
can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The
default is "white".

MenuFont string
This variable specifies the font to use when displaying menus.
The default is "variable".

MenuForeground string
This variable specifies the foreground color used for menus, and
can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list. The
default is "black".

MenuShadowColor string
This variable specifies the color of the shadow behind pull-down
menus and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome
list. The default is "black".

MenuShadowDepth pixels
This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D
menus, when UseThreeDMenus is selected.

MenuTitleBackground string
This variable specifies the background color for f.title entries
in menus, and can only be specified inside of a Color or
Monochrome list. The default is "white".

MenuTitleForeground string
This variable specifies the foreground color for f.title entries
in menus and can only be specified inside of a Color or
Monochrome list. The default is "black".

MonitorLayout { monitor-list }
This allows manually configuring what ctwm will consider as the
list of monitors. If XRANDR support is compiled in (the default
as of 4.1.0), and the RANDR extension is available on your
server, then ctwm will use that to determine the size and layout
of your monitors.

However, if either is not the case, or you want to override the
results it returns, you can specify the names and layouts of your
desired "monitors" with this. For instance, if you have a very
wide monitor, and would prefer to treat it as several narrower
side-by-side monitors, you could use this to tell ctwm to treat
it that way.

MonitorLayout
{
# Imagine a 5000x1000 monitor, that we want to split into two 2k wide
# sections at the far left and right, with a 1k wide section in the
# middle.
"Left:2000x1000+0+0"
"1000x1000+2000+0" # Middle section unnamed
"Right:2000x1000+3000+0"
}

With m4 support, you could even make it automatically split your
full display into 2 "monitors":

define(LeftWidth, eval(WIDTH / 2))dnl
define(RightWidth, eval(WIDTH - LeftWidth))dnl
MonitorLayout
{
"`AutoL:'LeftWidth`x'HEIGHT`+0+0'"
"`AutoR:'RightWidth`x'HEIGHT`+'LeftWidth`+0'"
}

Monochrome { colors }
This variable specifies a list of color assignments that should
be made if the screen has a depth of 1. See the description of
Color.

MoveDelta pixels
This variable specifies the number of pixels the pointer must
move before the f.move function starts working. Also see the
f.deltastop function. The default is zero pixels.

MovePackResistance pixels
This variable specifies the number of pixels of the movepack and
movepush resistance. See f.movepack and f.movepush.

MoveOffResistance pixels
This variable specifies the number of pixels of the moveoff
resistance. If pixels is positive, DontMoveOff will only prevent
you from going off the edge if you're within n pixels off the
edge. If you go further, DontMoveOff gives up and lets you go as
far as you wish. f.forcemove still allows you to totally ignore
DontMoveOff. A negative value puts you back into "never moveoff"
mode (it's the default).

MWMIgnore
Sets Motif window manager hints ctwm will ignore. The following
example shows all the valid options:

MWMIgnore
{
# en/disable window borders
"DECOR_BORDER"

# en/disable titlebars
"DECOR_TITLE"
}

First appeared in 4.0.0.

NoBackingStore
This variable indicates that ctwm's menus should not request
backing store to minimize repainting of menus. This is typically
used with servers that can repaint faster than they can handle
backing store. See also BackingStore. As of 4.0.0 this is the
default.

NoBorder { win-list }
These windows won't have borders. If you want no borders on all
windows, use the BorderWidth keyword.

NoCaseSensitive
This variable indicates that case should be ignored when sorting
icon names in an icon manager. This option is typically used
with applications that capitalize the first letter of their icon
name.

NoDecorateTransients
Specify that transient windows (i.e., windows with a
WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property set) should be ignored (not given
decorations) by ctwm. See also DecorateTransients. Added in
4.0.0; in previous versions this was the default.

NoDefaults
This variable indicates that ctwm should not supply the default
titlebuttons and bindings. This option should only be used if
the startup file contains a completely new set of bindings and
definitions.

NoGrabServer
This variable indicates that ctwm should not grab the server when
popping up menus and moving opaque windows. As of 4.0.0 this is
the default.

NoHighlight [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that borders should not be highlighted to
track the location of the pointer. If the optional win-list is
given, highlighting will only be disabled for those windows.
When the border is highlighted, it will be drawn in the current
BorderColor. When the border is not highlighted, it will be
stippled with an gray pattern using the current
BorderTileForeground and BorderTileBackground colors.

NoIconTitle [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that icons should not display the icon
name of the client. If the optional win-list is given, only
those clients will not have icon titles.

NoIconManagerFocus
This variable indicates that ctwm will not set the focus on the
corresponding window when the pointer is in an IconManager.

NoIconManagers
This variable indicates that no icon manager should be created.

NoImagesInWorkSpaceManager
This variable turns off displaying of background images in the
WorkSpaceMap. Instead only the colors defined in WorkSpaces will
be used as background in the WorkSpaceMap.

NoMenuShadows
This variable indicates that menus should not have drop shadows
drawn behind them. This is typically used with slower servers
since it speeds up menu drawing at the expense of making the menu
slightly harder to read.

NoOpaqueMove [{ window-list }]
The counterpart of OpaqueMove. See OpaqueMove.

NoOpaqueResize [{ window-list }]
The counterpart of OpaqueResize. See OpaqueResize.

NoRaiseOnDeiconify
This variable indicates that windows that are deiconified should
not be raised.

NoRaiseOnMove
This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when
moved. This is typically used to allow windows to slide
underneath each other.

NoRaiseOnResize
This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when
resized. This is typically used to allow windows to be resized
underneath each other.

NoRaiseOnWarp
This variable indicates that windows should not be raised when
the pointer is warped into them with the f.warpto function. If
this option is set, warping to an occluded window may result in
the pointer ending up in the occluding window instead the desired
window (which causes unexpected behavior with f.warpring).

NoRestartPreviousState
Don't attempt to regenerate the state the screen was in before
the previous window manager was shut down. See
RestartPreviousState for details. Added in 4.0.0; in previous
versions this was the default.

NoSaveUnders
This variable indicates that menus should not request save-unders
to minimize window repainting following menu selection. It is
typically used with displays that can repaint faster than they
can handle save-unders.

NoShowOccupyAll
This variable specifies that OccupyAll windows won't be displayed
in the WorkSpaceMap window.

NoSortIconManager
Specifies that entries in the icon manager should be appended in
the order they show up. See also SortIconManager. Added in
4.0.0; in previous versions this was the default.

NoStackMode [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that client window requests to change
stacking order should be ignored. If the optional win-list is
given, only requests on those windows will be ignored. This is
typically used to prevent applications from relentlessly popping
themselves to the front of the window stack.

NoTitle [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that windows should not have titlebars.
If the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not
have titlebars. MakeTitle may be used with this option to force
titlebars to be put on specific windows.

NoTitleFocus
This variable indicates that ctwm should not set keyboard input
focus to each window as it is entered. Normally, ctwm sets the
focus so that focus and key events from the titlebar and icon
managers are delivered to the application. If the pointer is
moved quickly and ctwm is slow to respond, input can be directed
to the old window instead of the new. This option is typically
used to prevent this "input lag" and to work around bugs in older
applications that have problems with focus events.

NoTitleHighlight [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that the highlight area of the titlebar,
which is used to indicate the window that currently has the input
focus, should not be displayed. If the optional win-list is
given, only those windows will not have highlight areas. This
and the SqueezeTitle options can be set to substantially reduce
the amount of screen space required by titlebars.

NoWarpToMenuTitle
This variable indicates that the cursor should not be warped to
the title of a menu which does not have room to drop down below
the current cursor position.

Occupy { occupy-list }
This variable specifies which windows occupy which workspaces at
startup.

occupy-list consists of entries of the form :

[Window] win-name { wspc1 wspc2 ... }
or Workspace wspc-name { win1 win2 ... }

Example :

Occupy
{
"xload" {"all"}
Window "xterm" {"here" "there" "elsewhere"}
"xv" {"images"}
WorkSpace "images" {"xloadimage"}
}

If all is given for the workspace name (in either form), the
named window[s] will be put in all workspaces as if they were
listed in OccupyAll. If the workspace name begins with ws:, the
workspace name will be looked up without the prefix first. That
is, if the given name is ws:abc, it will first look for a
workspace called abc, and assign to that if found. Else it will
fall back to looking for the name ws:abc.

Note : The Occupy declaration should come after the WorkSpaces
declaration.

OccupyAll { window-list }

This variable specifies a list of windows that will occupy all
workspaces at startup.

window-list is a list of window names.

Example :

OccupyAll
{
"xload"
"xbiff"
"xconsole"
}

Note : The OccupyAll declaration should come after the WorkSpaces
declaration.

OnTopPriority [Icons] priority [ { win-list } ]
ctwm allows you to put windows in several overlapping priority
planes going from -8 to +8, which makes it possible to have
windows that stay on top or that are kept in the background. If
win-list is present, it specifies which windows should be put in
the priority plane. Else the priority sets the default value to
use (the default default is 0). The Icons parameter, if present,
indicates that the preference described applies to icons rather
than to windows.

Example:

OnTopPriority Icons -1 # place icons a little in the background
OnTopPriority Icons 1 # place mail icons on top of normal windows
{
"Exmh"
"xbiff"
}

OnTopPriority 8 # keep these always on top of other windows
{
"Emacs Icon Manager" "WorkSpaceManager"
"TWM Icon Manager" "XDaliClock"
}

First appeared in 4.0.0.

OpaqueMove [{ window-list }]
This variable indicates that the f.move function should actually
move the window instead of just an outline so that the user can
immediately see what the window will look like in the new
position. This option is typically used on fast displays
(particularly if NoGrabServer is set). The optional window list
parameter indicates that only windows in this list should
actually be moved in opaque mode. The NoOpaqueMove counterpart is
also available.

As of 4.0.0 this is enabled by default.

OpaqueMoveThreshold threshold
The integer parameter is a percentage and indicates that only
windows (elligible for opaque moving) with a surface smaller than
this percentage of the surface of the screen should actually be
moved in opaque mode. The default is 200. Since 4.0.0, values
>= 200 are treated as infinity, causing windows to always
OpaqueMove if eligible.

OpaqueResize [{ window-list }]
The opaque version of resize. Extremely resource intensive, but
beautiful with fast server/client/network. See OpaqueMove. The
NoOpaqueResize counterpart is also available. As of 4.0.0 this
is enabled by default.

OpaqueResizeThreshold threshold
The resize version of OpaqueMoveThreshold. The default is 1000.
Since 3.8.1, values >= 1000 are treated as infinity, causing
windows to always OpaqueResize if eligible.

OpenWindowTimeout seconds
seconds is an integer representing a number of second. When a
window tries to open on an unattended display, it will be
automatically mapped after this number of seconds.

PackNewWindows
Use f.movepack algorithm instead of f.move when opening a new
window.

Pixmaps { pixmaps }
This variable specifies a list of pixmaps that define the
appearance of various images. Each entry is a keyword indicating
the pixmap to set, followed by a string giving the name of the
bitmap file. The following pixmaps may be specified:

Pixmaps
{
TitleHighlight "gray1"
# TitleHighlight "supman%.xbm"
}

The default for TitleHighlight is to use an even stipple pattern.

PixmapDirectory path
This variable specifies the path where ctwm looks to find non-X11
bitmap files. Whenever you want to use a image file that is not
an X11 bitmap, specify : xpm:filename for xpm files, xwd:filename
for xwd files, jpeg:file for jpeg file, or |command for an on the
fly generated xwd file. Use the % character to specify an
animation. path can be a colon separated list of directories.
Example :

PixmapDirectory "/usr/lib/X11/twm"
Icons
{
"Axe" "xpm:edit.xpm"
"xterm" "xpm:ball%.xpm"
}

N.B This is only valid if your version of ctwm has been compiled
with the right extension (XPM or JPEG).

PrioritySwitching [Icons] { win-list }
Specifies that the windows in win-list can switch priority. This
means that they can be in plane priority or -priority depending
on the situation. For instance a window whose priority is 2 will
be put into plane 2 when raised and plane -2 when lowered, which
means that it will usually stay on top if you raise another
window, but can still be lowered if its priority is temporarily
too high for your liking. If Icons is specified, it means that
the preference applies to icons rather than windows. See also
the f.priorityswitching function for dynamically adding/removing
windows at runtime.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

PriorityNotSwitching [Icons] { win-list }
As above except that it declares that the default should be for
windows to be able to switch priority except for the windows in
win-list which can't.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

RaiseDelay milliseconds
For windows that are to be automatically raised when the pointer
enters (see the AutoRaise variable and the f.autoraise function)
this variable specifies the length of time the pointer should
rest in the window before it is raised. The default is 0
milliseconds.

RaiseOnClick
If present a window will be raised on top of others when clicked
on, and the ButtonPress event will be correctly forwarded to the
client that owns this window (if it asked to). See
RaiseOnClickButton.

RaiseOnClickButton button_number
Where button_number is a valid button number (currently 1 to 11).
Specify the button to use for RaiseOnClick.

RaiseWhenAutoUnSqueeze
Windows are raised when auto-unsqueezed (See AutoSqueeze).

RandomPlacement [ string1 [ string2 ]]
This variable indicates that windows with no specified geometry
should be placed in a pseudo-random location instead of having
the user drag out an outline. If no argument is given, it is
interpreted as RandomPlacement "on".

string1 may be "on", "off", "all" or "unmapped", and string2 is a
displacement for the pseudo-randomly placed window compared to
the previous one. The argument "on" or "all" are equivalent, and
tell ctwm to do this for all such windows, "off", not to do this,
and "unmapped", only for unmapped windows, e.g. iconified or not
visible in the current workspace. If the second argument isn't
given, the displacement +30+30 (30 pixels right and down) is
used.

As of 4.0.0, "on" is the default if no RandomPlacement is
specified in the config. Previously "off" was default.

ReallyMoveInWorkspaceManager
This keyword tells ctwm to move the actual window when the user
is moving the small windows in the WorkSpaceMap window. If not
present the WorkSpaceMap can be used only to modify the
occupation of a window. Pressing the shift key while dragging a
window in the workspace manager temporarily toggles this option.

ResizeFont string
This variable specifies the font to be used for in the dimensions
window when resizing windows. The default is "fixed".

RestartPreviousState
This variable indicates that properties on client windows to
attempt to regenerate the state that the screen was in before the
previous window manager was shutdown. This includes using the
WM_STATE property to tell which windows should be iconified and
which should be left visible, and the WM_OCCUPATION property to
determine in which workspaces a window should be visible. As of
4.0.0 this is the default.

ReverseCurrentWorkspace
This variable tells ctwm to reverse the background and foreground
colors in the small windows in the workspace map for the current
workspace.

RplaySoundHost string
The host on which sounds should be played. Only meaningful when
ctwm is built with USE_SOUND; will give a warning otherwise. See
the SOUNDS section. Added in 4.0.0; prior versions used the
SoundHost parameter instead.

RplaySounds { sounds-list }
Define what sounds to play on various events through rplayd. It
contains entries of the form

"EventName" "/file/to/play.wav"

Only meaningful when ctwm is built with USE_SOUND; it will give a
warning otherwise. See the SOUNDS section. Note that if this
section is given in the ctwmrc, the ~/.ctwm-sounds file will not
be parsed. First appeared in 4.0.0.

SaveColor { colors-list }
This variable indicates a list of color assignments to be stored
as pixel values in the root window property _MIT_PRIORITY_COLORS.
Clients may elect to preserve these values when installing their
own colormap. Note that use of this mechanism is a way for an
application to avoid the "technicolor" problem, whereby useful
screen objects such as window borders and titlebars disappear
when a program's custom colors are installed by the window
manager. For example:

SaveColor
{
BorderColor
TitleBackground
TitleForeground
"red"
"green"
"blue"
}

This would place on the root window 3 pixel values for borders
and titlebars, as well as the three color strings, all taken from
the default colormap.

ShrinkIconTitles
A la Motif shrinking of icon titles, and expansion when mouse is
inside icon. The old incorrect spelling SchrinkIconTitles is
also still accepted.

ShortAllWindowsMenus
Don't show WorkSpaceManager and IconManagers in the TwmWindows
and TwmAllWindows menus.

ShowIconManager
This variable indicates that the icon manager window should be
displayed when ctwm is started. It can always be brought up
using the f.showiconmgr function.

ShowWorkSpaceManager
This variable specifies that the WorkSpaceManager should be
visible.

SloppyFocus
Use sloppy focus.

SaveWorkspaceFocus
When changing to a workspace, restore the focus to the last
window that had the focus when you left the workspace by warping
the mouse into it. This essentially saves the focus window with
the workspace and restores it automatically when you switch. In
many cases, it avoids having to reach for the mouse after moving
to a new workspace.

SortIconManager
This variable indicates that entries in the icon manager should
be sorted alphabetically rather than by simply appending new
windows to the end. As of 4.0.0 this is the default.

SoundHost string
Alias for RplaySoundHost, used in versions prior to 4.0.0.
Unless you need backward compatibility with them, use
RplaySoundHost instead. This alias will be removed in a future
version.

SqueezeTitle [{ squeeze-list }]
This variable indicates that ctwm should attempt to use the SHAPE
extension to make titlebars occupy only as much screen space as
they need, rather than extending all the way across the top of
the window. The optional squeeze-list may be used to control the
location of the squeezed titlebar along the top of the window.
It contains entries of the form:

"name" justification num denom

where name is a window name, justification is either left,
center, or right, and num and denom are numbers specifying a
ratio giving the relative position about which the titlebar is
justified. The ratio is measured from left to right if the
numerator is positive, and right to left if negative. A
denominator of 0 indicates that the numerator should be
interpreted as pixels. For compatibility, the pixel-position 0/0
is the relative middle of the window (1/2) for center and the
relative right side of the window (2/2) for right, but this use
is not recommended. Use "right 2 2" for relative positioning, or
"right -1 0" for absolute; this makes a difference when dragging
the titlebar (see f.movetitlebar). For example:

SqueezeTitle
{
"XTerm" left 0 0
"xterm1" left 1 3
"xterm2" left 2 3
"oclock" center 1 2
"emacs" right 2 2
}

The default positioning is left-justified, absolute at 0 pixels.
The DontSqueezeTitle list can be used to turn off squeezing on
certain titles.

StartIconified { win-list }
This variable indicates that client windows should initially be
left as icons until explicitly deiconified by the user. If the
optional win-list is given, only those windows will be started
iconic. This is useful for programs that do not support an
-iconic command line option or resource.

StartInButtonState
Start the WorkSpaceManage in button form. See also
StartInMapState. Added in 4.0.0.

StartInMapState
This variable specifies that the WorkSpaceManager should be
started in its map form when created. See also
StartInButtonState. As of 4.0.0 this is the default.

StartSqueezed { win-list }
These windows will first show up squeezed (see f.squeeze).

StayUpMenus
Tells ctwm to use stayup menus. These menus will stay on the
screen when ButtonUp, if either the menu has not yet been entered
by the pointer, or the current item is a f.title.

StrictWinNameEncoding
Whether to be strict about what encodings we accept for window
naming properties. Added in 4.0.2.

This is used when translating properties relating to naming
windows, like WM_NAME. For example, according to the ICCCM,
WM_NAME can only be a STRING or COMPOUND_TEXT type. However,
sloppy programs like Chrome may set it to a UTF8_STRING instead.
If this var is set, ctwm will reject that, as was standard
behavior prior to 4.0.2.

SunkFocusWindowTitle
This variable specifies that the title of the focus window (if
exists) should be sunken instead of raised. Only valid if
UseThreeDTitles is set.

ThreeDBorderWidth pixels
The width of the 3D border in pixels, if any.

TitleBackground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the background color used in titlebars,
and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.
The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so
that per-window colors may be specified. The default is "white".

TitleButtonBorderWidth pixels
This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border
surrounding titlebuttons. This is typically set to 0 to allow
titlebuttons to take up as much space as possible and to not have
a border. The default is 1 if UseThreeDTitles is not set, 0 if
it is set.

TitleButtonShadowDepth pixels
This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D
title buttons, when UseThreeDTitles is selected.

TitleFont string
This variable specifies the font used for displaying window names
in titlebars. The default is "variable".

TitleForeground string [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies the foreground color used in titlebars,
and may only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.
The optional win-list is a list of window names and colors so
that per-window colors may be specified. The default is "black".

TitleJustification string
This keyword needs a string value. The acceptable values are :
"left", "center" and "right". The window titles will be justified
according to this in the title window.

TitlePadding pixels
This variable specifies the distance between the various buttons,
text, and highlight areas in the titlebar. The default is 8
pixels if UseThreeDTitles is not set, 0 if it is set.

TitleShadowDepth pixels
This variable specifies the depth of the shadow ctwm uses for 3D
titles, when UseThreeDTitles is selected.

TransientHasOccupation
This variable specifies that transient-for and non-group leader
windows can have their own occupation potentially different from
their leader window. The default case is that these windows
follow their leader, use this keyword if the default action
doesn't please you.

TransientOnTop percentage
The parameter (required) is a percentage and tells ctwm to put
transient (and non-group leader) windows always on top of their
leader if and only if their surface is smaller than this fraction
of the surface of their leader. The surface of a window is its
width times its weight. The default is 30%. Added in 3.0.

UnknownIcon string
This variable specifies the filename of a bitmap file to be used
as the default icon. This bitmap will be used as the icon of all
clients which do not provide an icon bitmap and are not listed in
the Icons list.

UnmapByMovingFarAway { win-list }
These windows will be moved out of the screen instead of being
unmapped when they become invisible due to a change workspace.
This has been added because some ill-behaved clients (Frame5)
don't like to be unmapped.

UsePPosition string
This variable specifies whether or not ctwm should honor
program-requested locations (given by the PPosition flag in the
WM_NORMAL_HINTS property) in the absence of a user-specified
position. The argument string may have one of three values:
"off" (the default) indicating that ctwm should ignore the
program-supplied position, "on" indicating that the position
should be used, and "non-zero" indicating that the position
should used if it is other than (0,0). The latter option is for
working around a bug in older toolkits.

UseSunkTitlePixmap
This makes it so the shadows are inversed for title pixmaps when
focus is lost. This is similar to having the
SunkFocusWindowTitle, but it makes your xbm or 3d XPM (if any)
sink instead of just the whole bar.

UseThreeDBorders
Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking window borders. The width ot the 3D
borders is ThreeDBorderWidth. The color of the 3D border is
BorderTileBackground, and if NoHighlight is not selected, the
border of the Focus window is BorderColor. Setting this
automatically unsets ClientBorderWidth.

UseThreeDIconManagers
Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking IconManagers if any.

UseThreeDMenus
Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking menus.

UseThreeDTitles
Tells ctwm to use 3D-looking windows titles. In which case the
default values of TitleButtonBorderWidth, FramePadding,
TitlePadding and ButtonIndent are set to 0. There are plenty of
built-in scalable pixmaps for buttons: :xpm:menu, :xpm:dot,
:xpm:cross, :xpm:bar, :xpm:vbar, :xpm:iconify, :xpm:resize,
:xmp:sunkresize, and :xpm:box. There are several built-in
scalable animations for buttons: %xpm:resize, %xpm:menu-up,
%xpm:menu-down, %xpm:resize-out-top, %xpm:resize-in-top,
%xpm:resize-out-bot, %xpm:resize-in-bot, %xpm:maze-out,
%xpm:maze-in, %xpm:zoom-out, %xpm:zoom-in, and %xpm:zoom-inout.
Try them to see what they look like.

UseThreeDWMap
Tells ctwm to use 3D for the small windows in the workspace map.

WarpCursor [{ win-list }]
This variable indicates that the pointer should be warped into
windows when they are deiconified. If the optional win-list is
given, the pointer will only be warped when those windows are
deiconified.

WarpOnDeIconify { win-list }
When ctwm receives a request to map a window, it normally just
deiconifies it, but if the window is in win-list, it will
additionally bring it into the current workspace, if necessary.
For example

WarpOnDeIconify { "Emacs" }

will make sure emacs windows will always popup in the current
workspace when necessary (typically when the minibuffer or the
Help frame is in another workspace).

First appeared in 4.0.0.

WarpRingOnScreen
Tells ctwm that f.warpring warps pointer only to windows visible
in the current workspace.

WarpToDefaultMenuEntry
(Useful only with StayUpMenus) When using StayUpMenus, and a menu
does stays up, the pointer is warped to the default entry of the
menu.

WarpUnmapped
This variable indicates that that the f.warpto function should
deiconify any iconified windows it encounters. This is typically
used to make a key binding that will pop a particular window
(such as xmh), no matter where it is. The default is for
f.warpto to ignore iconified windows.

WindowGeometries { win-list }
Used to give a default geometry to some clients. When XrandR is
compiled, the geometry can be relative to a monitor, by prefixing
its name (visible with xrandr(1) command line) followed by :.
This name is ignored when XrandR is not available:

WindowGeometries {
"Mozilla*" "1000x800+10+10"
"jpilot*" "HDMI1:800x600-0-0"
}

WindowRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav { win-list }
Similar to IconRegion, but for windows. Note that the win-list
is not optional.

WindowRing [{ win-list }]
This variable specifies a list of windows along which the
f.warpring function cycles. If no argument is given, all the
windows are in the ring.

WindowRingExclude [{ win-list }]
All listed windows will be excluded from the WarpRing.

WMgrButtonShadowDepth depth
Control the depth of the shadow of the workspace manager buttons.

WMgrButtonStyle string
Sets the style of the workspace manager buttons (when in button
rather than map state), as well as the buttons in the Occupy
window. Available options are normal (the default 3d look),
style1, style2, and style3 (which are slightly different 2d
looks).

WMgrHorizButtonIndent nb_pixels
Specifies the horizontal space, in pixel, between the buttons of
the workspace manager (in button mode).

WMgrVertButtonIndent nb_pixels
Specifies the vertical space, in pixel, between the buttons of
the workspace manager (in button mode).

WorkSpaceFont string
This allows you to specify the font to use for the small windows
in the workspace manager map. (Try
-adobe-times-*-r-*--10-*-*-*-*-*-*-*).

WorkSpaceManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
This variable specifies the geometry of the workspace manager
window. The string argument is standard geometry specification
that indicates the initial full size of the workspace manager.
When XrandR is compiled, the geometry can be relative to a
monitor, by prefixing its name (visible with xrandr(1) command
line) followed by :. This name is ignored when XrandR is not
available. The columns argument indicates the number of columns
to use for the workspace manager window.

WorkSpaceManagerGeometry "360x60+60-0" 8
WorkSpaceManagerGeometry "HDMI1:600x30+1235+0" 12

WorkSpaces { workspace-list }
This variable specifies a list of workspaces that are created at
startup, Where workspace-list is :

name [{bg-button [fg-button] [bg-root] [fg-root] [pixmap-root]}]

With:

bg-button
background color of the corresponding button in the workspace
manager.

fg-button
foreground color of the corresponding button in the workspace
manager.

bg-root
background color of the corresponding root screen.

fg-root
foreground color of the corresponding root screen.

pixmap-root
pixmap to display on the corresponding root screen, either
the name of a bitmap, xpm:xpmfile, xwd:xwdfile, jpeg:jpgfile,
or |command_that generates_xwd.

Example:

WorkSpaces
{
"One" {"#686B9F" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "jpeg:shark.jpg"}
"Two" {"#619AAE" "white" "firebrick"}
"Three" {"#727786" "white" "MidnightBlue" "white" "xpm:ball%.xpm"}
"Four" {"#727786" "white" "white" "white"
"|(giftoppm | pnmtoxwd) < 2010.gif"}

"Five" {"#727786" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "plaid"}
"Six" {"#619AAE" "white" "DeepSkyBlue3" "white" "xpm:background1"}
"Seven" {"#8C5b7A" "white" "chartreuse4"}
"Eight" {"#686B9F" "white" "MidnightBlue"}
}

The WorkSpaces declaration should come before the Occupy or
OccupyAll declarations. The maximum number of workspaces is 32.

Each workspace also has a label, which is displayed in the
WorkSpaceManager window when it is in button state. By moving
the mouse cursor over a button and typing letters and/or
backspace, you may edit the label. The name is unaffected.
Functions that look up workspaces by name also look at the label.

XMoveGrid number
This variable specifies the value to use to constrain window
movement. When moving windows around, the x coordinate will
always be a multiple of this variable. Default is 1. f.forcemove
ignores this variable.

XorValue number
This variable specifies the value to use when drawing window
outlines for moving and resizing. This should be set to a value
that will result in a variety of distinguishable colors when
exclusive-or'ed with the contents of the user's typical screen.
Setting this variable to 1 often gives nice results if adjacent
colors in the default colormap are distinct. By default, ctwm
will attempt to cause temporary lines to appear at the opposite
end of the colormap from the graphics.

YMoveGrid number
This variable specifies the value to use to constrain window
movement. When moving windows around, the y coordinate will
always be a multiple of this variable. Default is 1. f.forcemove
ignores this variable.

Zoom [ count ]
This variable indicates that outlines suggesting movement of a
window to and from its iconified state should be displayed
whenever a window is iconified or deiconified. The optional
count argument specifies the number of outlines to be drawn. The
default count is 8.

The following variables must be set after the fonts have been
assigned, so it is usually best to put them at the end of the
variables or beginning of the bindings sections:

ChangeWorkspaceFunction function
This variable specifies the function to be executed when the user
change the current workspace (zap).

DefaultFunction function
This variable specifies the function to be executed when a key or
button event is received for which no binding is provided. This
is typically bound to f.nop, f.beep, or a menu containing window
operations.

DeIconifyFunction function
This variable specifies the function to be executed when a window
is deiconified.

IconifyFunction function
This variable specifies the function to be executed when a window
is iconified.

WindowFunction function
This variable specifies the function to execute when a window is
selected from the TwmWindows menu. If this variable is not set,
the window will be deiconified and raised.

BINDINGS

After the desired variables have been set, functions may be attached
to titlebuttons and key and pointer buttons. Titlebuttons may be
added from the left or right side and appear in the titlebar from
left-to-right according to the order in which they are specified.
Key and pointer button bindings may be given in any order.

Title buttons

Titlebuttons specifications must include the name of the pixmap to
use in the button box and the function to be invoked when a pointer
button is pressed within them:

LeftTitleButton "bitmapname" = function

or

LeftTitleButton "bitmapname" {
Buttoni = modlist : function
...
Buttonj = function
}

or

RightTitleButton "bitmapname" = function

or

RightTitleButton "bitmapname" {
Buttoni = modlist : function
...
Buttonj = function
}

The bitmapname may refer to one of the built-in bitmaps (which are
scaled to match TitleFont) by using the appropriate colon-prefixed
name described above.

The pointer button specifications come in two forms, with a modifier
list or without. When the specification comes without a modifier
list, it's used for the case when no modifiers are used. In other
words, the following two lines are equivalent:

Buttoni = function

Buttoni = : function

Key and pointer buttons

Key and pointer button specifications must give the modifiers that
must be pressed, over which parts of the screen the pointer must be,
and what function is to be invoked. Keys are given as strings
containing the appropriate keysym name; buttons are given as the
keywords Button1-Button11:

"FP1" = modlist : context : function
Button1 = modlist : context : function

A user who wanted to be able to manipulate windows from the keyboard
could use the following bindings:

"F1" = : all : f.iconify
"F2" = : all : f.raiselower
"F3" = : all : f.warpring "next"
"F4" = : all : f.warpto "xmh"
"F5" = : all : f.warpto "emacs"
"F6" = : all : f.colormap "next"
"F7" = : all : f.colormap "default"
"F20" = : all : f.warptoscreen "next"
"Left" = m : all : f.backiconmgr
"Right" = m | s : all : f.forwiconmgr
"Up" = m : all : f.upiconmgr
"Down" = m | s : all : f.downiconmgr

ctwm provides many more window manipulation primitives than can be
conveniently stored in a titlebar, menu, or set of key bindings.
Although a small set of defaults are supplied (unless the NoDefaults
is specified), most users will want to have their most common
operations bound to key and button strokes. To do this, ctwm
associates names with each of the primitives and provides
user-defined functions for building higher level primitives and menus
for interactively selecting among groups of functions.

Modifiers and Contexts

The modlist allows specifying different bindings for a button or key
when modifiers are applied. The list of recognized modifier names
(abbreviated) are shift (s), control (c), lock (l), alter1 (a1),
alter2 (a2), alter3 (a3), alter4 (a4), alter5 (a5), meta (m), mod1
(m1), mod2 (m2), mod3 (m3), mod4 (m4), and mod5 (m5). Multiple
modifiers may be applied to a single line by combining them with a
vertical bar (|). For example:

# Open the "top" menu with a Button1 (usually left mouse button) click in
# the root window
Button1 = : root : f.menu "top"

# Open the "top2" menu with shift-click
Button1 = s : root : f.menu "top2"

# And "top3" when control-shift-click
Button1 = c | s : root : f.menu "top3"

The lock modifier refers to CapsLock. meta is generally your Alt
key. mod1 is the same as meta. mod2..5 can have various special
meanings; try running xmodmap -pm to see how your X server is mapping
things (the xkeycaps program may also be useful). The alter1..5
modifiers refer to ctwm alternate keymaps; see the description of
f.altkeymap below for details.

Note that if you're using the m4 preprocessor, most implementations
define a shift macro internally, so using that as a modifier will
silently fail to work right. To get around it, you'll need to quote
it so that m4 passes it through as a literal string: `shift'.

The context lets you specify which mappings apply based on where the
pointer currently is on the screen. The available options are window
(w), title (t), icon (i), root (r), frame (f), workspace (no
abbreviation), iconmgr (m), and alter (a). Like the modifiers above,
they may be combined with a vertical bar, which allows you to bind an
action in multiple contexts at once. Alternately, all can be given
for the context to specify that the binding should happen everywhere.
It's equivalent to combining all the choices (except alter, which is
special).

The alter context allows binding the function when in the alternate
context; see the f.altcontext function below for details.

There is an additional possible magical value for context; if you
provide a quoted string (e.g., "MyXterm") for the context of a key
(but not button) binding, then that binding will trigger the given
function in window context to all windows matching that name. e.g.,

# Pressing "F1" anywhere on the screen will cause all windows with name
# "xterm" to raise themselves.
"F1" = : "xterm" : f.raise

Beware that this can have odd side effects if multiple windows are
matched, especially if the function can conflict one with the other
(e.g., in the example above, if two "xterm" windows overlap each
other).

Functions

The function in a binding is any of the f. keywords described below.
For example, the default startup file contains the following
bindings:

Button1 = : root : f.menu "TwmWindows"
Button1 = m : window | icon : f.function "move-or-lower"
Button2 = m : window | icon : f.iconify
Button3 = m : window | icon : f.function "move-or-raise"
Button1 = : title : f.function "move-or-raise"
Button2 = : title : f.raiselower
Button1 = : icon : f.function "move-or-iconify"
Button2 = : icon : f.iconify
Button1 = : iconmgr : f.iconify
Button2 = : iconmgr : f.iconify

User-defined functions contain the name by which they are referenced
in calls to f.function and a list of other functions to execute. For
example:

Function "move-or-lower" { f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
Function "move-or-iconify" { f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
Function "restore-colormap" { f.colormap "default" f.lower }

The function name must be used in f.function exactly as it appears in
the function specification.

In the descriptions below, if the function is said to operate on the
selected window, but is invoked from a root menu, the cursor will be
changed to the Select cursor and the next window to receive a button
press will be chosen:

! string
This is an abbreviation for f.exec string.

f.addtoworkspace string
This function adds the selected window to the workspace whose
name is string.

f.altcontext
Set the alternate context. The next key or button event ctwm
receives will be interpreted using the alternate context. To
define bindings in the alternate context, use the keyword alter
in the context field of the binding command. For example:

"Return" = m : all : f.altcontext
"n" = : alter : f.nextworkspace
"p" = : alter : f.prevworkspace

f.altkeymap number
Set the alternate keymap number, where number is an integer
between 1 and 5 inclusive. The next key or button event ctwm
receives will be interpreted using this alternate keymap. To
define bindings in an alternate keymap, use the keyword a
followed by number in the modifier field of the binding command.
For example:

"Return" = c : all : f.altkeymap "1"
"i" = a1 : window|icon|iconmgr : f.iconify
"z" = a1 : window : f.zoom
"d" = a1 : window|icon : f.delete
"o" = a1 : window|icon : f.occupy
"r" = a1 : window|icon : f.refresh

When using an alternate keymaps, only the root, window, icon and
iconmgr contexts are allowed.

f.autolower
This function toggles whether or not the selected window is
lowered whenever the pointer leaves it. See the description of
the variable AutoLower.

f.autoraise
This function toggles whether or not the selected window is
raised whenever entered by the pointer. See the description of
the variable AutoRaise.

f.backiconmgr
This function warps the pointer to the previous column in the
current icon manager, wrapping back to the previous row if
necessary.

f.backmapiconmgr
This function warps the pointer in the same manner as
f.backiconmgr but only stops at windows that are mapped.

f.beep
This function sounds the keyboard bell.

f.bottomzoom
This function stretches the bottom side of the window out to the
bottom edge of the current monitor, or restores the original size
if the window was already bottomzoom'd.

f.changepriority rel-value
Change the priority of a window by rel-value (enclosed within
double quotes). For instance, to bury a window one level down,
you would use f.changepriority "-1". See OnTopPriority variable.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.changesize string
This function allows you to change the size of the focused
window. The format of the string must be either "<border>
<+|-><sizechange>" (where <border> must be one of top, bottom,
left or right) or "<x size>x<y size>" (where the size is the
requested new window size). The height of the window can never be
set/changed to less than the title height + 1 (or 1 if the window
has no title) and the width can never be set/changed to less than
1.

"Right" = c|s : all : f.changesize "right +10"
"Left" = c|s : all : f.changesize "right -10"
"Down" = c|s : all : f.changesize "bottom +10"
"Up" = c|s : all : f.changesize "bottom -10"

"F1" = c|s : all : f.changesize "640x480"
"F2" = c|s : all : f.changesize "800x600"
"F3" = c|s : all : f.changesize "1024x768"

f.circledown
This function lowers the top-most window that occludes another
window.

f.circleup
This function raises the bottom-most window that is occluded by
another window.

f.colormap string
This function rotates the colormaps (obtained from the
WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property on the window) that ctwm will
display when the pointer is in this window. The argument string
may have one of the following values: "next", "prev", and
"default". It should be noted here that in general, the
installed colormap is determined by keyboard focus. A pointer
driven keyboard focus will install a private colormap upon entry
of the window owning the colormap. Using the click to type
model, private colormaps will not be installed until the user
presses a mouse button on the target window.

f.deiconify
This function deiconifies the selected window. If the window is
not an icon, this function does nothing.

f.delete
This function sends the WM_DELETE_WINDOW message to the selected
window if the client application has requested it through the
WM_PROTOCOLS window property. The application is supposed to
respond to the message by removing the indicated window. If the
window has not requested WM_DELETE_WINDOW messages, the keyboard
bell will be rung indicating that the user should choose an
alternative method. Note this is very different from f.destroy.
The intent here is to delete a single window, not necessarily
the entire application.

f.deleteordestroy
First tries to delete the window (send it WM_DELETE_WINDOW
message), or kills it, if the client doesn't accept such message.

f.deltastop
This function allows a user-defined function to be aborted if the
pointer has been moved more than MoveDelta pixels. See the
example definition given for Function "move-or-raise" at the
beginning of the section.

f.destroy
This function instructs the X server to close the display
connection of the client that created the selected window. This
should only be used as a last resort for shutting down runaway
clients. See also f.delete.

f.downiconmgr
This function warps the pointer to the next row in the current
icon manger, wrapping to the beginning of the next column if
necessary.

f.downworkspace
Goto the workspace immediately underneath the current workspace
in the workspace manager. If the current workspace is the bottom
one, goto the top one in the same column. The result depends on
the layout of the workspace manager.

f.exec string
This function passes the argument string to /bin/sh for
execution. In multiscreen mode, if string starts a new X client
without giving a display argument, the client will appear on the
screen from which this function was invoked. If the string
"$currentworkspace" is present inside the string argument, it
will be substituted with the current workspace name.

f.fill string
Where string is either : "right", "left", "top", "bottom" or
"vertical". The current window is resized in the specified
direction until it reaches an obstacle (either another window, or
the screen border). f.fill "vertical" sets the window status to
"zoomed" and toggles, ie calling it again will reset the previous
window size.

f.focus
This function toggles the keyboard focus of the server to the
selected window, changing the focus rule from pointer-driven if
necessary. If the selected window already was focused, this
function executes an f.unfocus.

f.forcemove
This function is like f.move except that it ignores the
DontMoveOff variable.

f.forwiconmgr
This function warps the pointer to the next column in the current
icon manager, wrapping to the beginning of the next row if
necessary.

f.forwmapiconmgr
This function warps the pointer in the same manner as
f.forwiconmgr but only stops at windows that are mapped.

f.fullscreenzoom
This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function, except that
it makes the client window (the part inside the frame) the size
of the current monitor, so the window decorations are off-screen.
This gives the same visual effect as the window covering the
whole screen with no decorations. If the window is already
fullscreenzoom'd, it restores the original size.

f.fullzoom
This function resizes the selected window to the full size of the
current monitor, or restores the original size if the window was
already fullzoom'd.

f.function string
This function executes the user-defined function whose name is
specified by the argument string.

f.gotoworkspace workspace_name
This function warps you to the workspace whose name is
workspace_name.

f.hbzoom
This function is a synonym for f.bottomzoom.

f.hideiconmgr
This function unmaps the current icon manager.

f.hideworkspacemgr
Unmap the WorkSpace manager.

f.horizoom
This function stretches the window so that it covers the whole
width of the current monitor, or restores the original size if
the window was already horizoom'd.

f.htzoom
This function is a synonym for f.topzoom.

f.hzoom
This function is a synonym for f.horizoom.

f.iconify
This function iconifies or deiconifies the selected window or
icon, respectively.

f.identify
This function displays a summary of the name and geometry of the
selected window. Clicking the pointer or pressing a key in the
window will dismiss it.

f.initsize
This function resets a window to its initial size given by the
WM_NORMAL_HINTS hints.

f.jumpdown step
This function is designed to be bound to a key, it moves the
current window (step * {X,Y}MoveGrid) pixels downward. stopping
if the window encounters another window or the screen border (ala
f.pack).

f.jumpleft step
Leftward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

f.jumpright step
Rightward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

f.jumpup step
Upward equivalent of f.jumpdown.

f.lefticonmgr
This function similar to f.backiconmgr except that wrapping does
not change rows.

f.leftworkspace
Goto the workspace immediately on the left of the current
workspace in the workspace manager. If the current workspace is
the leftest one, goto the rightest one in the same row. The
result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

f.leftzoom
This function stretches the left side of the window out to the
left edge of the current monitor, or restores the original size
if the window was already leftzoom'd.

f.lower
This function lowers the selected window.

f.menu string
This function invokes the menu specified by the argument string.
Cascaded menus may be built by nesting calls to f.menu. When a
menu is popped up, you can use the arrow keys to move the cursor
around it. "Down" or space goes down, "Up" goes up, "Left" pops
down the menu, and "Right" activates the current entry. The first
letter of an entry name activates this entry (the first one if
several entries match). If the first letter is ~ then
Meta-the-second-letter activates it, if this first letter is ^
then Control-the-second-letter activates it, and if this first
letter is space, then the second letter activates it.

f.move
This function drags an outline of the selected window (or the
window itself if the OpaqueMove variable is set) until the
invoking pointer button is released. Double clicking within the
number of milliseconds given by ConstrainedMoveTime warps the
pointer to the center of the window and constrains the move to be
either horizontal or vertical depending on which grid line is
crossed. To abort a move, press another button before releasing
the first button.

f.movepack
This function is like f.move except that it tries to avoid
overlapping of windows. When the moving window begin to overlap
with another window, the move is stopped. If you go too far over
the other window (more that MovePackResistance pixels), the move
is resumed and the moving window can overlap with the other
window. Useful to pack windows closely.

f.movepush
This function is like f.move except that it tries to avoid
overlapping of windows. When the moving window begins to overlap
with another window, the other window is pushed. If you go too
far over the other window (more that MovePackResistance pixels),
there is no push and the moving window can overlap with the other
window. Only available if OpaqueMove is active.

f.moveresize geometry
Takes one string argument which is a geometry with the standard X
geometry syntax (e.g. 200x300+150-0). Sets the current window to
the specified geometry. The width and height are to be given in
pixel, no base size or resize increment are used. When XrandR is
compiled, the geometry can be relative to a monitor, by prefixing
its name (visible with xrandr(1) command line) followed by :
(e.g. HDMI1:200x300+150-0). This name is ignored when XrandR is
not available.

f.movetitlebar
If applied to a squeezed titlebar (see SqueezeTitle) you can drag
it along the top of the window (a feature which was first found
in BeOS). The existing justification type is preserved, as is the
positioning (relative or absolute). This means that a relatively
positioned titlebar will move when the width of a window changes,
whereas an absolutely positioned title will not. The default
positioning is left-justified, absolute at 0 pixels.

Button1 = m1 : title : f.movetitlebar

f.movetitlebar does nothing if the window has no title, the
window is squeezed (see f.squeeze), or the title is not squeezed
(see SqueezeTitle).

f.movetonextworkspace, f.movetonextworkspaceandfollow
Move the window to the next workspace, and optionally switch view
over to that workspace.

f.movetoprevworkspace, f.movetoprevworkspaceandfollow
Move the window to the previous workspace, and optionally switch
view over to that workspace.

f.nexticonmgr
This function warps the pointer to the next icon manager
containing any windows on the current or any succeeding screen.

f.nextworkspace
Goto the next workspace in the list, using the order given in the
.ctwmrc file.

f.nop
This function does nothing and is typically used with the
DefaultFunction or WindowFunction variables or to introduce blank
lines in menus.

f.occupy
This function pops up a window for the user to choose which
workspaces a window belongs to.

f.occupyall
This function makes the specified window occupy all the
workspaces.

f.pack string
Where string is either : "right", "left", "top" or "bottom" The
current window is moved in the specified direction until it
reaches an obstacle (either another window, or the screen
border). The pointer follows the window.

f.pin
Valid only in a root menu. Make a menu permanent on the screen.
This is a toggle function, if you select it while the menu is
already permanent, it becomes non-permanent.

f.previconmgr
This function warps the pointer to the previous icon manager
containing any windows on the current or preceding screens.

f.prevworkspace
Goto the previous workspace in the list, using the order given in
the .ctwmrc file.

f.priorityswitching
Toggle the window's switching ability. X-ref PrioritySwitching
and OnTopPriority variables.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.quit
This function causes ctwm to restore the window's borders and
exit. If ctwm is the first client invoked from xdm, this will
result in a server reset.

f.raise
This function raises the selected window.

f.raiseicons
This function raises all the icons in the current workspace.

f.raiselower
This function raises the selected window to the top of the
stacking order if it is occluded by any windows, otherwise the
window will be lowered.

f.raiseorsqueeze
Raise the window or squeeze it if it's a double click. The time
that defines a double click is given by the ConstrainedMoveTime
variable.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.refresh
This function causes all windows to be refreshed.

f.removefromworkspace string
This function removes the selected window from the workspace
whose name is string.

f.rereadsounds
This function causes the .ctwm-sounds file to be re-read. Note
that this will not re-read sounds set in RplaySounds in the
config file. As a result, this function will probably go away in
the future when .ctwm-sounds support is removed. See the SOUNDS
section.

f.rescuewindows
If you somehow managed to move a window out of sight, calling
this function will check all windows and icons on currently
visible virtual screens, and those that are (nearly) out of the
bounds of their virtual screen will be brought completely inside
(if that fits).

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.resize
This function displays an outline of the selected window.
Crossing a border (or setting AutoRelativeResize) will cause the
outline to begin to rubber band until the invoking button is
released. To abort a resize, press another button before
releasing the first button.

f.restart
This function kills and restarts ctwm.

f.restoregeometry
Restore the current window geometry to what was saved in the last
call to f.savegeometry.

f.righticonmgr
This function is similar to f.nexticonmgr except that wrapping
does not change rows.

f.rightworkspace
Goto the workspace immediately on the right of the current
workspace in the workspace manager. If the current workspace is
the rightest one, goto the leftest one in the same row. The
result depends on the layout of the workspace manager.

f.rightzoom
This function stretches the right side of the window out to the
right edge of the current monitor, or restores the original size
if the window was already rightzoom'd.

f.ring
Selects a window and adds it to the WarpRing, or removes it if it
was already in the ring. This command makes f.warpring much more
useful, by making its configuration dynamic.

f.savegeometry
The geometry of the current window is saved. The next call to
f.restoregeometry will restore this window to this geometry.

f.saveyourself
This function sends a WM_SAVEYOURSELF message to the selected
window if it has requested the message in its WM_PROTOCOLS window
property. Clients that accept this message are supposed to
checkpoint all state associated with the window and update the
WM_COMMAND property as specified in the ICCCM. If the selected
window has not selected for this message, the keyboard bell will
be rung.

f.separator
Valid only in menus. The effect is to add a line separator
between the previous and the following entry. The name selector
part in the menu is not used (but must be present).

f.setbuttonsstate
Set the WorkSpace manager in button state.

f.setmapstate
Set the WorkSpace manager in map state.

f.setpriority "value"
Set the window's priority to value (enclosed between double
quotes). If value is directly followed by < or b, the window is
placed below other windows of the given priority. Otherwise it is
placed above. See OnTopPriority variable for details.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.showbackground
This function unmaps all windows in the current workspace. This
is a toggle function, if all windows are unmapped, they are all
remapped. Better bind this function in the root context.

f.showiconmgr
This function maps the current icon manager.

f.showworkspacemgr
Map the WorkSpace manager.

f.slowdownanimation
Decrease AnimationSpeed by 1.

f.sorticonmgr
This function sorts the entries in the current icon manager
alphabetically. See the variable SortIconManager.

f.speedupanimation
Increase AnimationSpeed by 1.

f.squeeze
f.squeeze squeezes a window to a null vertical size. Works only
for windows with either a title, or a 3D border (in order to have
something left on the screen). If the window is already squeezed,
it is unsqueezed.

f.startanimation
Restart freezed animations (if any).

f.stopanimation
Freeze animations (if any).

f.switchpriority
Switch the window's priority, independently of its ability to
switch automatically. X-ref OnTopPriority and PrioritySwitching
variables.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.tinylower, f.tinyraise
These two functions allow you to raise/lower a window "one step"
at a time. For instance, f.tinyraise will bring the current
window just above the lowest one that's hiding it. These two
functions are not subject to priority-switching.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.title
This function provides a centered, unselectable item in a menu
definition. It should not be used in any other context.

f.toggleoccupation string
This function adds the selected window to the workspace whose
name is string if it doesn't already belongs to it, and removes
it from this workspace if not.

f.togglesound
Toggle sound on/off. See the SOUNDS section.

f.togglestate
Toggle the state of the WorkSpace manager.

f.toggleworkspacemgr
Toggle the presence of the WorkSpaceManager. If it is mapped, it
will be unmapped and vice versa.

f.topzoom
This function stretches the top side of the window out to the top
edge of the current monitor, or restores the original size if the
window was already topzoom'd.

f.trace string
Used for handling dumping debug output. If a filename is given
in string, begins writing output to that file; if string is
"stderr" writes to stderr. If debug file is already open,
calling f.trace again closes it.

This is probably only useful if you're doing development on ctwm.

f.twmrc
Alias for f.restart.

f.unfocus
This function resets the focus back to pointer-driven. This
should be used when a focused window is no longer desired.

f.unsqueeze
Is to f.squeeze what f.deiconify is to f.iconify.

First appeared in 4.0.0.

f.upiconmgr
This function warps the pointer to the previous row in the
current icon manager, wrapping to the last row in the same column
if necessary.

f.upworkspace
Goto the workspace immediately above the current workspace in the
workspace manager. If the current workspace is the top one, goto
the bottom one in the same column. The result depends on the
layout of the workspace manager.

f.vanish
The specified window vanishes from the current workspace if it
occupies at least one other WorkSpace. Do nothing in the others
cases.

f.version
This function causes the ctwm version window to be displayed.
This window will be displayed until a pointer button is pressed
or the pointer is moved from one window to another.

f.vlzoom
This function is a synonym for f.leftzoom.

f.vrzoom
This function is a synonym for f.rightzoom.

f.warphere win_name
This function adds the window which has a name or class that
matches string to the current workspace and warps the pointer to
it. If the window is iconified, it will be deiconified if the
variable WarpUnmapped is set or else ignored.

f.warpring string
This function warps the pointer to the next or previous window
(as indicated by the argument string, which may be "next" or
"prev") specified in the WindowRing variable.

f.warpto string
This function warps the pointer to the window which has a name or
class that matches string. If the window is iconified, it will
be deiconified if the variable WarpUnmapped is set or else
ignored.

f.warptoiconmgr string
This function warps the pointer to the icon manager entry
associated with the window containing the pointer in the icon
manager specified by the argument string. If string is empty
(i.e. ""), the current icon manager is chosen.

f.warptoscreen string
This function warps the pointer to the screen specified by the
argument string. The argument may be a number (e.g. "0" or "1"),
the word "next" (indicating the current screen plus 1, skipping
over any unmanaged screens), the word "back" (indicating the
current screen minus 1, skipping over any unmanaged screens), or
the word "prev" (indicating the last screen visited).

f.winrefresh
This function is similar to the f.refresh function except that
only the selected window is refreshed.

f.xbottomzoom
This function is similar to the f.bottomzoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xfullscreenzoom
This function is similar to the f.fullscreenzoom function, but
will cross monitors.

f.xfullzoom
This function is similar to the f.fullzoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xhorizoom
This function is similar to the f.horizoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xleftzoom
This function is similar to the f.leftzoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xrightzoom
This function is similar to the f.rightzoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xtopzoom
This function is similar to the f.topzoom function, but will
cross monitors.

f.xzoom
This function is similar to the f.zoom function, but will cross
monitors.

f.zoom
This function stretches the window so that it covers the whole
height of the current monitor, or restores the original size if
the window was already zoom'd. It's the vertical counterpart fo
f.horizoom; perhaps f.vertzoom would be a better name...

MENUS

Functions may be grouped and interactively selected using pop-up
(when bound to a pointer button) or pull-down (when associated with a
titlebutton) menus. Each menu specification contains the name of the
menu as it will be referred to by f.menu, optional default foreground
and background colors, the list of item names and the functions they
should invoke, and optional foreground and background colors for
individual items:

Menu "menuname" [ ("deffg":"defbg") ]
{
string1 [ ("fg1":"bg1") ] function1
string2 [ ("fg2":"bg2") ] function2
.
.
.
stringN [ ("fgN":"bgN") ] functionN
}

The menuname is case-sensitive. The optional deffg and defbg
arguments specify the foreground and background colors used on a
color display to highlight menu entries. The string portion of each
menu entry will be the text which will appear in the menu. The
optional fgN and bgN arguments specify the foreground and background
colors of the menu entry when the pointer is not in the entry. These
colors will only be used on a color display. The default is to use
the colors specified by the MenuForeground and MenuBackground
variables. The function portion of the menu entry is one of the
functions, including any user-defined functions, or additional menus.

If an entry name begins with a "*" (star), this star won't be
displayed and the corresponding entry will be the default entry for
this menu. When a menu has a default entry and is used as a submenu
of another menu, this default entry action will be executed
automatically when this submenu is selected without being displayed.
It's hard to explain, but easy to understand.

Special Menus

There are several special menus.

TwmWindows contains the names of all of the client and ctwm-supplied
windows in the current workspace. Selecting an entry will cause the
WindowFunction to be executed on that window. If WindowFunction
hasn't been set, the window will be deiconified and raised.

TwmVisible lists those windows which are currently deiconified (first
appeared in 3.7). TwmIcons lists only those which are currently
iconified.

TwmAllWindows and TwmAllIcons act similarly to the non-All variants
described above, except that they show windows in all workspaces,
rather than just the current one.

TwmWorkspaces contains the names of your workspaces, selecting an
entry goto this workspace. In addition, these entries have submenus
containing the names of all windows occupying this workspace,
selecting such an entry executes f.warpto on this window.

TwmKeys lists all the keybindings in the root context that invoke
f.exec. First appeared in 3.7.

ICONS

ctwm supports several different ways of manipulating iconified
windows. The common pixmap-and-text style may be laid out by hand or
automatically arranged as described by the IconRegion variable. In
addition, a terse grid of icon names, called an icon manager,
provides a more efficient use of screen space as well as the ability
to navigate among windows from the keyboard.

An icon manager is a window that contains names of selected or all
windows currently on the display. In addition to the window name, a
small button using the default iconify symbol will be displayed to
the left of the name when the window is iconified. By default,
clicking on an entry in the icon manager performs f.iconify. To
change the actions taken in the icon manager, use the the iconmgr
context when specifying button and keyboard bindings.

Moving the pointer into the icon manager also directs keyboard focus
to the indicated window (setting the focus explicitly or else sending
synthetic events NoTitleFocus is set). Using the f.upiconmgr,
f.downiconmgr f.lefticonmgr, and f.righticonmgr functions, the input
focus can be changed between windows directly from the keyboard.

X WINDOW PROPERTIES

As a window manager, ctwm reads and sets a huge variety of properties
on the windows it manages and the windows it creates. Most of that
is beyond the scope of user documentation. However, a few points are
worth mentioning.

Window Naming

Windows get their names via X properties. There are two types of
names; the window name (which is what shows up in the titlebar, the
f.identify window, etc), and the icon name (which shows up on the
icon and on the icon manager).

Prior to 4.0.2, ctwm only supported the standard ICCCM properties for
setting the window and icon names. These are WM_NAME for the window
name, and WM_ICON_NAME for the icon name. As of 4.0.2, ctwm also
supports the EWMH versions of these, which are _NET_WM_NAME and
_NET_WM_ICON_NAME. If the EWMH variants exist, they're used in
preference to the older ICCCM style.

As of 4.0.2, ctwm also supports an additional pair of properties;
CTWM_WM_NAME and CTWM_WM_ICON_NAME, which override all the others.
These are specifically intended for the user to manually set, not for
programs to set themselves. This allows the user to override
programs that name themselves unhelpfully, or to otherwise label
things to their liking.

You can set these via any method you'd use to set window properties.
From the command line, the xprop(1) tool is widely available, if a
little clunky. So, for instance, to set the icon name of a window
(changing how it looks in the icon manager), but leave the window
name alone as the program itself normally sets it (leaving the
titlebar normal), you could run a command like:

xprop -f CTWM_WM_ICON_NAME 8u -set CTWM_WM_ICON_NAME "I hate this window"

and then click the window you want to set it on. Unfortunately,
xprop(1) does require you to specify the property name when defining
the format, as well as when setting it, so it's a little ugly. The
8u means you're giving a UTF-8 string. Other possible formats are 8s
for a plain 7-bit STRING (i.e, plain ASCII), and 8t for
"internationalized" ICCCM-style COMPOUND_TEXT. Usually you'd just
use UTF-8 though. xprop -remove CTWM_WM_ICON_NAME and click would
let you undo it and go back to the normal naming. See the xprop(1)
manual for more.

SOUNDS

If built with the USE_SOUND option, ctwm is able to play sounds for
any X event. This may be configured in two ways.

As of 4.0.0, the sounds may be configured in the ctwmrc with the
RplaySounds config parameter. See above for details.

If that is not found, or in older versions, ctwm will look for the
file .ctwm-sounds in the user's home directory to map every X event
to a sound file to be played. Each line in .ctwm-sounds has the
following syntax:

{X event}: {sound file}

If RplaySounds is given in the config file, and .ctwm-sounds exists,
a warning will be given, and the contents of .ctwm-sounds will be
ignored. All support for .ctwm-sounds will be removed in a future
version, leaving only the ctwmrc configuration method available

However configured, the currently known X events that can be given
are:

KeyPress
KeyRelease
ButtonPress
ButtonRelease
MotionNotify
EnterNotify
LeaveNotify
FocusIn
FocusOut
KeymapNotify
Expose
GraphicsExpose
NoExpose
VisibilityNotify
CreateNotify
DestroyNotify
UnmapNotify
MapNotify
MapRequest
ReparentNotify
ConfigureNotify
ConfigureRequest
GravityNotify
ResizeRequest
CirculateNotify
CirculateRequest
PropertyNotify
SelectionClear
SelectionRequest
SelectionNotify
ColormapNotify
ClientMessage
MappingNotify

Additionally, the following two are recognised, and represent the
time when ctwm is started or shut down:

Startup
Shutdown

BUGS

The resource manager should have been used instead of all of the
window lists.

Double clicking very fast to get the constrained move function will
sometimes cause the window to move, even though the pointer is not
moved.

If IconifyByUnmapping is on and windows are listed in
IconManagerDontShow but not in DontIconifyByUnmapping, they may be
lost if they are iconified and no bindings to f.menu "TwmWindows" or
f.warpto are setup.

FILES

See earlier Customization section.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

DISPLAY
This variable is used to determine which X server to use. It is
also set during f.exec so that programs come up on the proper
screen.

HOME
This variable is used as the prefix for files that begin with a
tilde and for locating the ctwm startup file.

COPYRIGHT

Portions copyright 1988 Evans & Sutherland Computer Corporation;
portions copyright 1989 Hewlett-Packard Company and the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, See X(1) for a full statement of rights and
permissions.

See COPYRIGHT file in distribution for more information.

AUTHORS

TWM

Tom LaStrange, Solbourne Computer; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium;
Steve Pitschke, Stardent Computer; Keith Packard, MIT X Consortium;
Dave Sternlicht, MIT X Consortium; Dave Payne, Apple Computer.

CTWM

Claude Lecommandeur, Swiss Polytechnical Institute of Lausanne (
<lecom@sic.epfl.ch>); Richard Levitte ( <richard@levitte.org>);
Matthew Fuller ( <fullermd@over-yonder.net>); and many other
contributors.

VERSION

This manual is build for ctwm 4.1.0.

2023-03-26 CTWM(1)